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Generated Oct 22, 2026
  1. Programmable
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  3. Duolingo
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growth playbook · Oct 22, 2026

duolingo.com (opens in a new tab)

Duolingo growth playbook

Diagnosis

Duolingo is growing DAUs 23% a year with record retention, and its hiring points at the next levers: a GM for India, a new performance marketing leader across 100+ markets and three products, ad sales for Duolingo Ads, notifications and email for win-back, and localization at scale.

Its web front door is slow. Real visitors to the Hindi site wait 5.6s for the main content and the English homepage 7.0s; course pages arrive as empty shells; unknown URLs return 200; and course pages are not linked across languages.

This playbook fixes those first, then adds market landing tests, an incrementality calendar, an India creator program, learner-signal ad deals and a win-back email series, and bets on a low-data web start, DET cross-sell and schools in India.

Growth Score

8/10

Biggest Opportunity

India and other mobile-first markets, where tens of millions already learn English on Duolingo and a faster, lighter first step can add learners without more media spend.

Biggest Risk

Paid acquisition is scaling fast across 100+ markets; without incrementality tests and fast landing pages, extra spend may buy users Duolingo would have won organically.

01

Start here

The three moves to make first. Each one is written up in full below.

  1. 1

    A fast Hindi front door: hi.duolingo.com makes real visitors wait 5.6 seconds and taps lag by half a second

    Build a static, server-rendered version of the hi.duolingo.com homepage and test it against the current one on 10% of traffic.

    High impact First result in 6 weeks
  2. 2

    Cut the homepage dead weight: reCAPTCHA loaded twice and a retired analytics library

    Check whether any report still reads data from analytics.js.

    High impact First result in 1 month
  3. 3

    Put real titles and text in the course pages' HTML, as the chess pages already do

    Server-render the title and H1 on the Learn Spanish page.

    Medium impact First result in 1 month

02

Your idea portfolio

20 ideas, grouped by when to run them. Open any idea for how to run it: the steps, who to approach, copy you can use, and how to measure it.

  • 7 ideas are marked Unexpected: plays you are unlikely to have tried.

Every idea placed by the effort it takes against the impact it could have. Quick wins sit top left; select a number to open that idea. The filters below narrow the list by status, timing, category and what Programmable can build.

Effort vs impactEach number is an idea. Select one to open it.
Impact →
Quick wins · 1Big bets · 9Fill-ins · 7Reconsider · 3
Effort →

Showing 20 of 20 ideas

This week 6

Quick wins with a clear first action.

  • 01

    Duolingo is hiring a General Manager for India because the market has "much more potential than we've realized so far", and the new performance marketing lead is asked to fix "onboarding and landing experiences for paid users". English for Hindi speakers already has 19.2M learners, Bengali speakers 6.0M, Tamil 1.4M and Telugu 1.1M. The Hindi site is slow for its own visitors, though. Google's field data for hi.duolingo.com shows real Chrome users waiting 5.7s for anything to appear and 5.6s for the main content, with taps taking 555 ms to respond, all failing Google's limits. The page arrives as an empty shell titled "Duolingo", and nothing shows until the app scripts have loaded, in a page that weighs about 4.5 MB. On the mid-range Android phones and patchy mobile data common in India, that wait comes before the "Get started" button.

    High impactMedium effort First result in 6 weeks General Manager

    First action

    Build a static, server-rendered version of the hi.duolingo.com homepage and test it against the current one on 10% of traffic.

    How to measure it

    Hindi-site visitors who start a course

    Now
    –
    Target
    +20%
    By
    1 quarter

    Steps

    1. 1

      Baseline

      Sign-up rate, bounce and day-7 retention for hi.duolingo.com visitors.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager 1 week

    2. 2

      Define the light page

      Headline, course cards and one button; no app bundle until a tap.

      General Manager, India 1 week

    3. 3

      Build it

      Server-rendered template for language-site homepages and course pages.

      Web engineering lead 3 weeks

    4. 4

      Defer heavy scripts

      reCAPTCHA, sign-in and pixels only once sign-up starts.

      Web engineering lead 1 week

    5. 5

      Localize copy

      Hindi, Bengali, Tamil and Telugu versions reviewed by native speakers.

      Senior Localization Program Manager 2 weeks

    6. 6

      A/B test

      10% of hi.duolingo.com traffic, then 50%.

      Senior Data Scientist, User Growth 4 weeks

    7. 7

      Point paid web traffic

      Indian web campaigns land on the fast pages.

      Senior Director of Performance Marketing 2 weeks

    8. 8

      Roll out

      Other language sites by traffic.

      Web engineering lead 1 quarter

    First result
    6 weeks
    Cost
    Engineering time
    Owner
    General Manager, India

    Smallest test

    Ship a static Hindi homepage to 10% of visitors for two weeks.

    Why it works

    Give the language sites and course pages a lightweight, server-rendered front door: the headline, course list and "Get started" button in the first HTML response, with the full learning app loaded only after a tap. Start with hi.duolingo.com and its 12 sitemap pages, then the Bengali, Tamil and Telugu sites. Defer reCAPTCHA, Google sign-in and ad pixels until a visitor starts sign-up. Run it as an A/B test on web sign-ups and day-7 retention, and point Indian paid web traffic at the fast pages.

    Every second of blank screen loses visitors, and most of all on slower phones and networks. The audience is already proven by the course numbers. A faster first screen turns more existing Indian interest into DAUs without extra media spend, and the same pages make paid web traffic cheaper.

    Ready to use

    ChecklistLight front door checklist

    [ ] Title and description in the first HTML
    [ ] Headline and course cards rendered on the server
    [ ] "Get started" works before the app bundle loads
    [ ] reCAPTCHA and Google sign-in load on sign-up only
    [ ] Ad pixels after consent or first interaction
    [ ] First content under 1.8s and main content under 2.5s on a mid-range Android
    [ ] hreflang to the other language versions
    [ ] A/B test on sign-ups and day-7 retention

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Two templates to maintain

      Generate the light page from the same content source as the app.

    • Sign-up spam without early reCAPTCHA

      Load it when the sign-up form opens, not on page load.

    Evidence

    • HiringGeneral Manager, India (posted October 12, 2026, Bangalore): "India is one of Duolingo's most important growth markets. We've operated there for a while, but believe it has much more potential than we've realized so far." Success "will be measured on Duolingo's core metrics: user growth and monetization"; the GM leads an India-based cross-functional team and is "the voice of India".Source
    • HiringSenior Director of Performance Marketing (posted October 16, 2026): paid acquisition "across 100+ markets and our language, chess, and math products" across Google, Apple Search Ads, Meta, TikTok, AppLovin and DSPs; "accountable for proving what our spend actually buys" with "incrementality testing, saturation modeling, and LTV and ROI frameworks that Finance trusts"; partner with Product and Engineering on "onboarding and landing experiences for paid users, and tests that connect acquisition to retention"; "Flex spend with the organic calendar, including product launches, seasonal swings, and viral moments".Source
    • Course catalogDuolingo's public course list (checked October 21, 2026): 313 courses taught from 45 languages. The largest is English for Spanish speakers (54.1M learners); English for Hindi speakers has 19.2M, English for Bengali speakers 6.0M, English for Tamil speakers 1.4M and English for Telugu speakers 1.1M; Hindi for English speakers has 13.6M.Source
    • Google PageSpeedhi.duolingo.com (the Hindi site) on mobile: real Chrome visitors at the 75th percentile wait 5.7s for first content and 5.6s for the main content, and taps take 555 ms to respond; all three fail Google's limits (1.8s, 2.5s, 200 ms). In the lab: performance 29/100, main content after 16.2s, 4.5 MB downloaded.Source
    • Your websiteThe HTML sent for www.duolingo.com/course/es/en/Learn-Spanish is 8.8 KB with the title "Duolingo" and no visible text; the Hindi site's English course page, /math, /super, /pricing and the homepage are the same: the page title and content are filled in by JavaScript. The chess glossary pages are the exception, with real titles in the HTML ("What Is a Bishop Fork in Chess?"). Real visitors to the Learn Spanish page see the main content at 3.7s (p75).Source
    • Shareholder letterQ2 2026 (SEC filing): DAUs 58.7M, up 23%; MAUs 140.6M; paid subscribers 12.7M, up 17%; revenue $298.5M, up 18%; advertising revenue $21.1M, up 2%; current user retention at an all-time high of 84%; the one-time Streak Revival in June brought back 15.4 million learners, "nearly 8 million" of whom had no active streak; influencer content supplied about two-thirds of social impressions in China, Indonesia and India; DAUs include users of "the learning section of the website".Source
  • 02

    Real visitors to the English homepage wait 7.0s for the main content and taps take 474 ms. Before anyone signs up, the page loads Google's reCAPTCHA script twice, the Google sign-in client, Tag Manager and analytics.js, the Universal Analytics library Google stopped processing in 2023-2024. The performance marketing team pays for every visitor who lands there.

    High impactLow effort First result in 1 month Senior Performance Marketing…

    First action

    Check whether any report still reads data from analytics.js.

    How to measure it

    Homepage INP at the 75th percentile

    Now
    –
    Target
    under 200 ms
    By
    1 quarter

    Steps

    1. 1

      Find owners

      Every script on the homepage.

      Web engineering lead 2 days

    2. 2

      Drop analytics.js

      After confirming no use.

      Web engineering lead 1 day

    3. 3

      Single reCAPTCHA

      Loaded at sign-up.

      Web engineering lead 2 days

    4. 4

      Sign-in on demand

      Google client at sign-up.

      Web engineering lead 1 day

    5. 5

      Tag audit

      Remove ownerless tags.

      Senior Performance Marketing Manager 1 week

    6. 6

      Measure

      Field INP and sign-up rate.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager monthly

    First result
    1 month
    Cost
    Engineering time
    Owner
    Senior Performance Marketing Manager

    Smallest test

    Remove the duplicate reCAPTCHA this week.

    Why it works

    Remove analytics.js if nothing still reads it, load reCAPTCHA once and only when the sign-up form opens, load Google sign-in on the sign-up step, and audit Tag Manager for tags with no owner. Re-test field responsiveness after four weeks.

    These are low-risk removals that cut main-thread work on every visit and every paid landing.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Attribution breaks

      Check each pixel with marketing analytics first.

    Evidence

    • Google PageSpeedwww.duolingo.com homepage on mobile: real visitors fail Core Web Vitals (LCP 7.0s, INP 474 ms at the 75th percentile; across the whole site LCP 6.0s and INP 405 ms). In the lab: performance 28/100, main content after 16.4s, 4.4 MB and 157 requests with 2.6 MB of JavaScript. The homepage loads Google's reCAPTCHA script twice (about 180 KB unused each, 0.9s of script work), the Google sign-in client, Google Tag Manager and the legacy analytics.js library before anyone signs up.Source
    • GoogleGoogle Analytics help: standard Universal Analytics properties "stopped processing hits" on July 1, 2023, and 360 properties with an extension stopped on July 1, 2024; analytics.js is the Universal Analytics library.Source
    • HiringSenior Director of Performance Marketing (posted October 16, 2026): paid acquisition "across 100+ markets and our language, chess, and math products" across Google, Apple Search Ads, Meta, TikTok, AppLovin and DSPs; "accountable for proving what our spend actually buys" with "incrementality testing, saturation modeling, and LTV and ROI frameworks that Finance trusts"; partner with Product and Engineering on "onboarding and landing experiences for paid users, and tests that connect acquisition to retention"; "Flex spend with the organic calendar, including product launches, seasonal swings, and viral moments".Source
  • 03

    The Learn Spanish page and every other course page arrive with the title "Duolingo" and no text; the title and copy are added by JavaScript. The chess glossary pages already ship real titles such as "What Is a Bishop Fork in Chess?". Search engines that render JavaScript may see the final page, but link previews, many AI assistants and slow phones see the shell.

    Medium impactLow effort First result in 1 month Web engineering lead

    First action

    Server-render the title and H1 on the Learn Spanish page.

    How to measure it

    Course pages with real HTML titles

    Now
    –
    Target
    100%
    By
    60 days

    Steps

    1. 1

      Pick the pattern

      Copy the chess page approach.

      Web engineering lead 2 days

    2. 2

      Titles and H1

      All course pages.

      Web engineering lead 1 week

    3. 3

      Course summary

      Short text per course.

      Content Designer 2 weeks

    4. 4

      Localize

      Language sites.

      Senior Localization Program Manager 2 weeks

    5. 5

      Check previews

      Messaging apps and social.

      Web engineering lead 1 day

    6. 6

      Measure

      Search clicks to course pages.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager monthly

    First result
    1 month
    Cost
    Engineering time
    Owner
    Web engineering lead

    Smallest test

    Fix one course page and compare its link preview.

    Why it works

    Render the title, description, H1 and a short course summary (what you will learn, how long, free) on the server for every course page in every language site, using the chess pages as the pattern. Check what common crawlers and link previews receive.

    Course pages are the answer to "learn Spanish free"; they should read correctly before any script runs.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Mismatch with the app

      Generate from the same course data.

    Evidence

    • Your websiteThe HTML sent for www.duolingo.com/course/es/en/Learn-Spanish is 8.8 KB with the title "Duolingo" and no visible text; the Hindi site's English course page, /math, /super, /pricing and the homepage are the same: the page title and content are filled in by JavaScript. The chess glossary pages are the exception, with real titles in the HTML ("What Is a Bishop Fork in Chess?"). Real visitors to the Learn Spanish page see the main content at 3.7s (p75).Source
    • Your websiteSitemap (checked October 21, 2026): 103 URLs; 40 course pages, all for English speakers, and 25 chess glossary pages; 9 entries redirect (for example the Chinese course, /research, /press, /careers, incubator.duolingo.com) and it still lists a 2013-era report PDF on static.duolingo.com, contest.duolingo.com, pillow.duolingo.com and /discussion. Each language site keeps its own sitemap (hi.duolingo.com lists 12 URLs). The homepage links 33 language versions with hreflang; course pages link none.Source
    • Course catalogDuolingo's public course list (checked October 21, 2026): 313 courses taught from 45 languages. The largest is English for Spanish speakers (54.1M learners); English for Hindi speakers has 19.2M, English for Bengali speakers 6.0M, English for Tamil speakers 1.4M and English for Telugu speakers 1.1M; Hindi for English speakers has 13.6M.Source
  • 04

    Any made-up address on www.duolingo.com returns status 200 with the normal app shell. Search engines can index thousands of empty duplicates, and they spend crawl effort on them instead of the course pages.

    Medium impactLow effort First result in 1 month Web engineering lead

    First action

    List known route patterns and return 404 for everything else.

    How to measure it

    Indexed soft-404 pages

    Now
    –
    Target
    -90%
    By
    2 months

    Steps

    1. 1

      List routes

      All valid patterns.

      Web engineering lead 2 days

    2. 2

      Edge rule

      404 for unknown paths.

      Web engineering lead 1 day

    3. 3

      Keep the page

      Friendly error with a link home.

      Web engineering lead 1 day

    4. 4

      Test

      Profiles, courses, help.

      Web engineering lead 1 day

    5. 5

      Search Console

      Before and after.

      Web engineering lead 1 month

    6. 6

      Repeat

      Language sites.

      Web engineering lead 1 week

    First result
    1 month
    Cost
    $0
    Owner
    Web engineering lead

    Smallest test

    Apply the rule on one language site first.

    Why it works

    Return a 404 status for unknown paths at the server or edge, keep the friendly Duo error page, and check Search Console for soft-404 reports before and after.

    A clean index helps the real pages rank and keeps reports trustworthy.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Valid pages return 404 by mistake

      Test every route group before release.

    Evidence

    • Your websiteA made-up address (www.duolingo.com/nonexistent-xyz) returns status 200 with the normal app shell rather than a 404.Source
    • Your websiteSitemap (checked October 21, 2026): 103 URLs; 40 course pages, all for English speakers, and 25 chess glossary pages; 9 entries redirect (for example the Chinese course, /research, /press, /careers, incubator.duolingo.com) and it still lists a 2013-era report PDF on static.duolingo.com, contest.duolingo.com, pillow.duolingo.com and /discussion. Each language site keeps its own sitemap (hi.duolingo.com lists 12 URLs). The homepage links 33 language versions with hreflang; course pages link none.Source
  • 05

    The homepage links 33 language versions with hreflang, but course pages link none. The Spanish course for English speakers and its equivalents on the language sites are treated as unrelated pages, and the main sitemap still lists 9 redirects and several retired addresses.

    Medium impactLow effort First result in 1 month Senior Localization Program M…

    First action

    Map equivalent course pages across language sites.

    How to measure it

    Course pages with language alternates

    Now
    –
    Target
    100%
    By
    60 days

    Steps

    1. 1

      Map pages

      Course by course.

      Senior Localization Program Manager 1 week

    2. 2

      Add tags

      From course data.

      Web engineering lead 1 week

    3. 3

      Clean sitemap

      Redirects and retired entries.

      Web engineering lead 1 day

    4. 4

      Index sitemaps

      All language sites.

      Web engineering lead 1 day

    5. 5

      Validate

      Search Console.

      Web engineering lead 1 week

    6. 6

      Measure

      Clicks by country.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager monthly

    First result
    1 month
    Cost
    $0
    Owner
    Senior Localization Program Manager

    Smallest test

    Add hreflang to the Spanish course pages.

    Why it works

    Add hreflang between equivalent course pages across language sites, remove redirects and retired entries from the sitemap, and reference every language site's sitemap from the main index.

    Searchers then land on the version in their own language, which converts better.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Wrong pairs

      Generate from the course list, not by hand.

    Evidence

    • Your websiteSitemap (checked October 21, 2026): 103 URLs; 40 course pages, all for English speakers, and 25 chess glossary pages; 9 entries redirect (for example the Chinese course, /research, /press, /careers, incubator.duolingo.com) and it still lists a 2013-era report PDF on static.duolingo.com, contest.duolingo.com, pillow.duolingo.com and /discussion. Each language site keeps its own sitemap (hi.duolingo.com lists 12 URLs). The homepage links 33 language versions with hreflang; course pages link none.Source
    • HiringSenior Localization Program Manager (posted August 20, 2026): turn "complex, high-volume localization work into durable, low-touch systems that scale across our 30+ UI languages". A Senior Learning Designer, Indian Languages (August 17) is also open.Source
    • Course catalogDuolingo's public course list (checked October 21, 2026): 313 courses taught from 45 languages. The largest is English for Spanish speakers (54.1M learners); English for Hindi speakers has 19.2M, English for Bengali speakers 6.0M, English for Tamil speakers 1.4M and English for Telugu speakers 1.1M; Hindi for English speakers has 13.6M.Source
  • 06

    The Notifications PM is asked to see how "channels like email" can bring learners back. In June the one-time Streak Revival brought back 15.4 million learners, nearly 8 million of whom had no active streak. Lapsed learners clearly respond to a reason to return.

    High impactMedium effort First result in 1 quarter Senior Product Manager

    First action

    Pick three lapse windows and write the first email.

    How to measure it

    Monthly reactivations from email

    Now
    –
    Target
    +15%
    By
    2 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Segments

      Lapse windows.

      Senior Product Manager, Notifications 1 week

    2. 2

      Write emails

      Progress and goal.

      Product Writer 1 week

    3. 3

      Rewards

      Small, low-cost.

      Senior Product Manager, Growth 1 week

    4. 4

      Test

      Against push only.

      Senior Data Scientist, User Growth 1 month

    5. 5

      Localize

      Top 10 languages.

      Senior Localization Program Manager 1 month

    6. 6

      Scale

      Winning version.

      Senior Product Manager, Notifications 1 quarter

    First result
    1 quarter
    Cost
    Engineering time
    Owner
    Senior Product Manager, Notifications

    Smallest test

    Send one win-back email to a 1% test group.

    Why it works

    Build a standing email series for lapsed learners: their old streak and progress, a three-lesson return goal, and a small reward, timed by how long they have been away. Test against push only.

    Email reaches learners who turned off push, and the June event gives a measured baseline.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Email fatigue

      Cap at one per week and stop after three.

    Evidence

    • HiringGrowth product hiring: a VP of Product, Growth and Monetization ("Duolingo's business runs on two numbers: Daily Active Users and revenue. This role owns both"; about 20 PMs); a Senior Product Manager, Growth (streaks, quests, leaderboards, notifications, "DAUs as our north star"); and a Senior Product Manager, Notifications ("among the most important drivers of top-line impact"; "explore how channels like email and other alternatives can play a stronger role in bringing learners back"), all posted August 25, 2026. Senior Data Scientists for Growth Forecasting and User Growth were posted August 26.Source
    • Shareholder letterQ2 2026 (SEC filing): DAUs 58.7M, up 23%; MAUs 140.6M; paid subscribers 12.7M, up 17%; revenue $298.5M, up 18%; advertising revenue $21.1M, up 2%; current user retention at an all-time high of 84%; the one-time Streak Revival in June brought back 15.4 million learners, "nearly 8 million" of whom had no active streak; influencer content supplied about two-thirds of social impressions in China, Indonesia and India; DAUs include users of "the learning section of the website".Source

This quarter 8

The core plays for the next three months.

  • 07

    The new performance marketing director owns spend across 100+ markets and "landing experiences for paid users". Paid traffic often goes straight to app stores. In markets where web is fast, a web lesson first may convert and retain better.

    High impactMedium effort First result in 2 quarters Senior Director of Performanc…

    First action

    Pick five markets with high web traffic.

    How to measure it

    Paid-user day-7 retention

    Now
    –
    Target
    +10%
    By
    2 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Pick markets

      Five.

      Senior Director of Performance Marketing 1 week

    2. 2

      Build pages

      Light, localized.

      Web engineering lead 1 month

    3. 3

      Design tests

      Geo split.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager 2 weeks

    4. 4

      Run

      Eight weeks.

      Senior Performance Marketing Manager 2 months

    5. 5

      Read

      CPI, retention, revenue.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager 2 weeks

    6. 6

      Scale

      Where it wins.

      Senior Director of Performance Marketing 1 quarter

    First result
    2 quarters
    Cost
    Media test budget
    Owner
    Senior Director of Performance Marketing

    Smallest test

    Run one market for four weeks.

    Why it works

    Build light, localized landing pages that start a first lesson in the browser and then offer the app. Test them against store links in five markets with geo-split incrementality tests.

    A first lesson before install filters for motivated learners, and the result is measurable by market.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Web users never install

      Count web learners as DAUs too.

    Evidence

    • HiringSenior Director of Performance Marketing (posted October 16, 2026): paid acquisition "across 100+ markets and our language, chess, and math products" across Google, Apple Search Ads, Meta, TikTok, AppLovin and DSPs; "accountable for proving what our spend actually buys" with "incrementality testing, saturation modeling, and LTV and ROI frameworks that Finance trusts"; partner with Product and Engineering on "onboarding and landing experiences for paid users, and tests that connect acquisition to retention"; "Flex spend with the organic calendar, including product launches, seasonal swings, and viral moments".Source
    • HiringSenior Performance Marketing Manager (posted September 2, 2026): runs mobile install campaigns on Google UAC, Meta, TikTok and programmatic partners with "an eight-figure annual budget", focused on "high LTV/CAC", CPI, retention and monetization. Senior Marketing Analytics Manager (August 28): "build the foundations of measuring and understanding the impact of our media spend".Source
    • Shareholder letterQ2 2026 (SEC filing): DAUs 58.7M, up 23%; MAUs 140.6M; paid subscribers 12.7M, up 17%; revenue $298.5M, up 18%; advertising revenue $21.1M, up 2%; current user retention at an all-time high of 84%; the one-time Streak Revival in June brought back 15.4 million learners, "nearly 8 million" of whom had no active streak; influencer content supplied about two-thirds of social impressions in China, Indonesia and India; DAUs include users of "the learning section of the website".Source
    • Google PageSpeedhi.duolingo.com (the Hindi site) on mobile: real Chrome visitors at the 75th percentile wait 5.7s for first content and 5.6s for the main content, and taps take 555 ms to respond; all three fail Google's limits (1.8s, 2.5s, 200 ms). In the lab: performance 29/100, main content after 16.2s, 4.5 MB downloaded.Source
  • 08

    The director must flex spend with "viral moments" and prove what spend buys; the marketing analytics manager is building the measurement foundations. Duolingo's organic reach is so large that paid and organic effects overlap.

    High impactMedium effort First result in 2 quarters Senior Marketing Analytics Ma…

    First action

    List next quarter's planned organic moments.

    How to measure it

    Spend covered by recent tests

    Now
    –
    Target
    80%
    By
    2 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Calendar

      Organic moments.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager 1 week

    2. 2

      Design holdouts

      By channel and market.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager 2 weeks

    3. 3

      Run

      Quarterly.

      Senior Performance Marketing Manager quarterly

    4. 4

      Curves

      Saturation per channel.

      Senior Data Scientist, Growth Forecasting 1 month

    5. 5

      Plan

      Budget shifts.

      Senior Director of Performance Marketing quarterly

    6. 6

      Report

      To Finance.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager quarterly

    First result
    2 quarters
    Cost
    Analyst time
    Owner
    Senior Marketing Analytics Manager

    Smallest test

    Run one holdout during the next big organic moment.

    Why it works

    Run a quarterly geo-holdout calendar by channel, including tests during big organic moments, and feed the results into saturation curves Finance agrees with.

    Spend cut during organic peaks may cost nothing, and spend added between peaks may be worth more.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Holdouts cost growth

      Keep them small and short.

    Evidence

    • HiringSenior Director of Performance Marketing (posted October 16, 2026): paid acquisition "across 100+ markets and our language, chess, and math products" across Google, Apple Search Ads, Meta, TikTok, AppLovin and DSPs; "accountable for proving what our spend actually buys" with "incrementality testing, saturation modeling, and LTV and ROI frameworks that Finance trusts"; partner with Product and Engineering on "onboarding and landing experiences for paid users, and tests that connect acquisition to retention"; "Flex spend with the organic calendar, including product launches, seasonal swings, and viral moments".Source
    • HiringSenior Performance Marketing Manager (posted September 2, 2026): runs mobile install campaigns on Google UAC, Meta, TikTok and programmatic partners with "an eight-figure annual budget", focused on "high LTV/CAC", CPI, retention and monetization. Senior Marketing Analytics Manager (August 28): "build the foundations of measuring and understanding the impact of our media spend".Source
    • Shareholder letterQ2 2026 (SEC filing): DAUs 58.7M, up 23%; MAUs 140.6M; paid subscribers 12.7M, up 17%; revenue $298.5M, up 18%; advertising revenue $21.1M, up 2%; current user retention at an all-time high of 84%; the one-time Streak Revival in June brought back 15.4 million learners, "nearly 8 million" of whom had no active streak; influencer content supplied about two-thirds of social impressions in China, Indonesia and India; DAUs include users of "the learning section of the website".Source
    • YouTubeThe Duolingo YouTube channel has about 7.0 million subscribers; Duolingo also runs TikTok and Instagram accounts that the shareholder letter credits with large organic reach.Source
  • 09

    Influencer content supplied about two-thirds of social impressions in China, Indonesia and India, and a Head of Influencers & Community is being hired alongside the India GM.

    High impactMedium effort First result in 2 quarters Head of Influencers & Communi…

    First action

    Shortlist 25 Hindi creators who already teach English.

    How to measure it

    Installs from creator links

    Now
    –
    Target
    +30%
    By
    2 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Shortlist

      100 creators.

      Head of Influencers & Community 1 month

    2. 2

      Brief

      Challenge format.

      Senior Creative, Social 2 weeks

    3. 3

      Track

      Links per creator.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager 1 week

    4. 4

      Run

      Monthly waves.

      Head of Influencers & Community monthly

    5. 5

      Paid boost

      Best posts.

      Senior Performance Marketing Manager monthly

    6. 6

      Measure

      Retention by creator.

      Senior Data Scientist, User Growth monthly

    First result
    2 quarters
    Cost
    Creator fees
    Owner
    Head of Influencers & Community

    Smallest test

    Run a pilot with 10 Hindi creators.

    Why it works

    Recruit 100 creators across four Indian languages, give each a learning challenge (30 days of English with Duo) and a tracked link, and turn the best posts into paid ads.

    Creators in a learner's own language build trust, and their best posts double as cheap ad creative.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Off-brand content

      Give clear guidelines and review.

    Evidence

    • Shareholder letterQ2 2026 (SEC filing): DAUs 58.7M, up 23%; MAUs 140.6M; paid subscribers 12.7M, up 17%; revenue $298.5M, up 18%; advertising revenue $21.1M, up 2%; current user retention at an all-time high of 84%; the one-time Streak Revival in June brought back 15.4 million learners, "nearly 8 million" of whom had no active streak; influencer content supplied about two-thirds of social impressions in China, Indonesia and India; DAUs include users of "the learning section of the website".Source
    • HiringGeneral Manager, India (posted October 12, 2026, Bangalore): "India is one of Duolingo's most important growth markets. We've operated there for a while, but believe it has much more potential than we've realized so far." Success "will be measured on Duolingo's core metrics: user growth and monetization"; the GM leads an India-based cross-functional team and is "the voice of India".Source
    • Course catalogDuolingo's public course list (checked October 21, 2026): 313 courses taught from 45 languages. The largest is English for Spanish speakers (54.1M learners); English for Hindi speakers has 19.2M, English for Bengali speakers 6.0M, English for Tamil speakers 1.4M and English for Telugu speakers 1.1M; Hindi for English speakers has 13.6M.Source
    • HiringBrand and social: a Senior Creative, Social (posted September 22, 2026) in the Brand Marketing Studio to take "speed-of-culture thinking beyond the feed and into the real world" across "social, experiential, OOH, partnerships, events"; a Head of Influencers & Community is also open.Source
  • 10

    Advertising revenue grew 2% to $21.1M while subscriptions grew 22%, and the new programmatic lead will sell "native formats, first-party learner signals". Learners' goals (travel, work, exams) are rare, privacy-safe context.

    High impactMedium effort First result in 2 quarters Ad Sales Lead

    First action

    Size each segment by course and goal.

    How to measure it

    Ad revenue growth

    Now
    –
    Target
    +15%
    By
    2 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Size segments

      By course and goal.

      Ad Sales Lead, Programmatic 2 weeks

    2. 2

      Privacy review

      Context only.

      Legal 2 weeks

    3. 3

      Package deals

      Five.

      Ad Sales Lead, Programmatic 2 weeks

    4. 4

      Pitch

      Holdcos.

      Ad Sales Lead, Programmatic 1 quarter

    5. 5

      Native formats

      Test with learners.

      Senior Product Manager, Growth 1 month

    6. 6

      Measure

      CPM and learner impact.

      Senior Data Scientist, User Growth monthly

    First result
    2 quarters
    Cost
    Sales time
    Owner
    Ad Sales Lead, Programmatic

    Smallest test

    Pitch one travel-learner deal.

    Why it works

    Package five private deals by learning goal and context (travel learners, English-for-work learners, exam takers) with native formats, sold to holdcos with clear brand-safety rules and no personal data.

    Context buyers cannot get elsewhere commands higher prices than open-market inventory.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Ads hurt learning

      Cap frequency and watch retention.

    Evidence

    • HiringAd Sales Lead, Programmatic (posted September 28, 2026): "build Duolingo Ads, Duolingo's premium programmatic business. Most learners use our free, ad-supported app"; a "deal-led book of business" offering "native formats, first-party learner signals". A Director of Ad Sales - West and an Ad Sales Lead - West are also open.Source
    • Shareholder letterQ2 2026 (SEC filing): DAUs 58.7M, up 23%; MAUs 140.6M; paid subscribers 12.7M, up 17%; revenue $298.5M, up 18%; advertising revenue $21.1M, up 2%; current user retention at an all-time high of 84%; the one-time Streak Revival in June brought back 15.4 million learners, "nearly 8 million" of whom had no active streak; influencer content supplied about two-thirds of social impressions in China, Indonesia and India; DAUs include users of "the learning section of the website".Source
    • Course catalogDuolingo's public course list (checked October 21, 2026): 313 courses taught from 45 languages. The largest is English for Spanish speakers (54.1M learners); English for Hindi speakers has 19.2M, English for Bengali speakers 6.0M, English for Tamil speakers 1.4M and English for Telugu speakers 1.1M; Hindi for English speakers has 13.6M.Source
  • 11

    Duolingo's social channels are "a cultural phenomenon", and the performance director must build creative production "that scales". The organic feed is a free test of hooks.

    Medium impactMedium effort First result in 1 quarter Senior Creative

    First action

    Pick last week's top three posts.

    How to measure it

    CPI of social-derived ads

    Now
    –
    Target
    -15%
    By
    1 quarter

    Steps

    1. 1

      Rank posts

      Weekly.

      Senior Creative, Social weekly

    2. 2

      Cut versions

      Paid formats.

      Senior Creative, Social weekly

    3. 3

      Test

      Meta and TikTok.

      Senior Performance Marketing Manager weekly

    4. 4

      Measure

      CPI and retention.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager weekly

    5. 5

      Feed back

      What converts.

      Senior Performance Marketing Manager weekly

    6. 6

      Scale

      Winners globally.

      Senior Director of Performance Marketing monthly

    First result
    1 quarter
    Cost
    Existing budget
    Owner
    Senior Creative, Social

    Smallest test

    Run three posts as ads this week.

    Why it works

    Each week, take the three best organic posts by watch time, cut paid versions with the same hook and a clear call to action, and test them in the performance channels.

    Organic winners usually beat studio ads on cost per install.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Jokes do not travel

      Localize or pick universal formats.

    Evidence

    • HiringBrand and social: a Senior Creative, Social (posted September 22, 2026) in the Brand Marketing Studio to take "speed-of-culture thinking beyond the feed and into the real world" across "social, experiential, OOH, partnerships, events"; a Head of Influencers & Community is also open.Source
    • HiringSenior Director of Performance Marketing (posted October 16, 2026): paid acquisition "across 100+ markets and our language, chess, and math products" across Google, Apple Search Ads, Meta, TikTok, AppLovin and DSPs; "accountable for proving what our spend actually buys" with "incrementality testing, saturation modeling, and LTV and ROI frameworks that Finance trusts"; partner with Product and Engineering on "onboarding and landing experiences for paid users, and tests that connect acquisition to retention"; "Flex spend with the organic calendar, including product launches, seasonal swings, and viral moments".Source
    • YouTubeThe Duolingo YouTube channel has about 7.0 million subscribers; Duolingo also runs TikTok and Instagram accounts that the shareholder letter credits with large organic reach.Source
  • 12

    Paid acquisition now covers chess and math, and the chess glossary already has 25 server-rendered term pages. Each chess term is a search with a beginner behind it.

    Medium impactLow effort First result in 1 quarter Chess Product Lead

    First action

    List the 200 most-searched chess terms.

    How to measure it

    Organic chess sign-ups

    Now
    –
    Target
    +50%
    By
    2 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Pick terms

      200.

      Chess Product Lead 1 week

    2. 2

      Write

      Short, with examples.

      Content Designer 1 month

    3. 3

      Build

      Same template.

      Web engineering lead 2 weeks

    4. 4

      Link

      To the chess course.

      Web engineering lead 1 week

    5. 5

      Math glossary

      Same pattern.

      Math Product Lead 1 quarter

    6. 6

      Measure

      Sign-ups.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager monthly

    First result
    1 quarter
    Cost
    Writing time
    Owner
    Chess Product Lead

    Smallest test

    Publish 20 new terms.

    Why it works

    Publish 200 more term pages (openings, tactics, endgames) with a playable example and a "try it in Duolingo Chess" button, and build a matching math glossary.

    Glossary pages bring free beginners to newer products at no media cost.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Thin pages

      Each needs an example position.

    Evidence

    • Your websiteSitemap (checked October 21, 2026): 103 URLs; 40 course pages, all for English speakers, and 25 chess glossary pages; 9 entries redirect (for example the Chinese course, /research, /press, /careers, incubator.duolingo.com) and it still lists a 2013-era report PDF on static.duolingo.com, contest.duolingo.com, pillow.duolingo.com and /discussion. Each language site keeps its own sitemap (hi.duolingo.com lists 12 URLs). The homepage links 33 language versions with hreflang; course pages link none.Source
    • Your websiteThe HTML sent for www.duolingo.com/course/es/en/Learn-Spanish is 8.8 KB with the title "Duolingo" and no visible text; the Hindi site's English course page, /math, /super, /pricing and the homepage are the same: the page title and content are filled in by JavaScript. The chess glossary pages are the exception, with real titles in the HTML ("What Is a Bishop Fork in Chess?"). Real visitors to the Learn Spanish page see the main content at 3.7s (p75).Source
    • HiringSenior Director of Performance Marketing (posted October 16, 2026): paid acquisition "across 100+ markets and our language, chess, and math products" across Google, Apple Search Ads, Meta, TikTok, AppLovin and DSPs; "accountable for proving what our spend actually buys" with "incrementality testing, saturation modeling, and LTV and ROI frameworks that Finance trusts"; partner with Product and Engineering on "onboarding and landing experiences for paid users, and tests that connect acquisition to retention"; "Flex spend with the organic calendar, including product launches, seasonal swings, and viral moments".Source
  • 13

    The localization program manager will build "low-touch systems" for 30+ UI languages. Marketing pages, landing pages and course descriptions often lag the app because they sit outside that pipeline.

    High impactMedium effort First result in 1 quarter Senior Localization Program M…

    First action

    List marketing content outside the pipeline.

    How to measure it

    Same-day localized launches

    Now
    –
    Target
    90%
    By
    2 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Inventory

      Marketing content.

      Senior Localization Program Manager 2 weeks

    2. 2

      Connect

      CMS to pipeline.

      Web engineering lead 1 month

    3. 3

      Review rules

      By language.

      Senior Localization Program Manager 2 weeks

    4. 4

      Pilot

      One campaign.

      Senior Localization Program Manager 1 month

    5. 5

      Scale

      All campaigns.

      Senior Localization Program Manager 1 quarter

    6. 6

      Measure

      Time to launch.

      Senior Localization Program Manager monthly

    First result
    1 quarter
    Cost
    Engineering time
    Owner
    Senior Localization Program Manager

    Smallest test

    Localize one landing page through the pipeline.

    Why it works

    Bring landing pages, course summaries and emails into the localization system with the same review rules, so a new campaign ships in all priority languages at once.

    Campaigns that launch in every market together get the full benefit of global moments.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Quality drops

      Native review for top languages.

    Evidence

    • HiringSenior Localization Program Manager (posted August 20, 2026): turn "complex, high-volume localization work into durable, low-touch systems that scale across our 30+ UI languages". A Senior Learning Designer, Indian Languages (August 17) is also open.Source
    • HiringSenior Director of Performance Marketing (posted October 16, 2026): paid acquisition "across 100+ markets and our language, chess, and math products" across Google, Apple Search Ads, Meta, TikTok, AppLovin and DSPs; "accountable for proving what our spend actually buys" with "incrementality testing, saturation modeling, and LTV and ROI frameworks that Finance trusts"; partner with Product and Engineering on "onboarding and landing experiences for paid users, and tests that connect acquisition to retention"; "Flex spend with the organic calendar, including product launches, seasonal swings, and viral moments".Source
    • Your websiteSitemap (checked October 21, 2026): 103 URLs; 40 course pages, all for English speakers, and 25 chess glossary pages; 9 entries redirect (for example the Chinese course, /research, /press, /careers, incubator.duolingo.com) and it still lists a 2013-era report PDF on static.duolingo.com, contest.duolingo.com, pillow.duolingo.com and /discussion. Each language site keeps its own sitemap (hi.duolingo.com lists 12 URLs). The homepage links 33 language versions with hreflang; course pages link none.Source
  • 14

    Growth forecasting must reflect "big bets" and strategy, and DAU growth in Q2 was lifted by a one-time event. Forecasts that ignore planned campaigns misread both the bump and the baseline.

    Medium impactMedium effort First result in 1 quarter Senior Data Scientist

    First action

    Tag past campaigns in the DAU history.

    How to measure it

    Quarterly DAU forecast error

    Now
    –
    Target
    -30%
    By
    2 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Tag history

      Campaigns and events.

      Senior Data Scientist, Growth Forecasting 2 weeks

    2. 2

      Model inputs

      Planned calendar.

      Senior Data Scientist, Growth Forecasting 1 month

    3. 3

      Separate effects

      One-time vs baseline.

      Senior Data Scientist, Growth Forecasting 1 month

    4. 4

      Monthly review

      Forecast vs actual.

      Senior Data Scientist, Growth Forecasting monthly

    5. 5

      Share

      With marketing.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager monthly

    6. 6

      Improve

      Quarterly.

      Senior Data Scientist, Growth Forecasting quarterly

    First result
    1 quarter
    Cost
    Analyst time
    Owner
    Senior Data Scientist, Growth Forecasting

    Smallest test

    Re-run last quarter's forecast with the calendar.

    Why it works

    Feed planned campaigns, product launches and paid budget into the forecast as inputs, separate one-time effects from baseline growth, and compare forecast vs actual every month.

    Better forecasts let marketing and product plan bets with confidence.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Calendar changes late

      Update inputs weekly.

    Evidence

    • HiringGrowth product hiring: a VP of Product, Growth and Monetization ("Duolingo's business runs on two numbers: Daily Active Users and revenue. This role owns both"; about 20 PMs); a Senior Product Manager, Growth (streaks, quests, leaderboards, notifications, "DAUs as our north star"); and a Senior Product Manager, Notifications ("among the most important drivers of top-line impact"; "explore how channels like email and other alternatives can play a stronger role in bringing learners back"), all posted August 25, 2026. Senior Data Scientists for Growth Forecasting and User Growth were posted August 26.Source
    • Shareholder letterQ2 2026 (SEC filing): DAUs 58.7M, up 23%; MAUs 140.6M; paid subscribers 12.7M, up 17%; revenue $298.5M, up 18%; advertising revenue $21.1M, up 2%; current user retention at an all-time high of 84%; the one-time Streak Revival in June brought back 15.4 million learners, "nearly 8 million" of whom had no active streak; influencer content supplied about two-thirds of social impressions in China, Indonesia and India; DAUs include users of "the learning section of the website".Source
    • HiringSenior Director of Performance Marketing (posted October 16, 2026): paid acquisition "across 100+ markets and our language, chess, and math products" across Google, Apple Search Ads, Meta, TikTok, AppLovin and DSPs; "accountable for proving what our spend actually buys" with "incrementality testing, saturation modeling, and LTV and ROI frameworks that Finance trusts"; partner with Product and Engineering on "onboarding and landing experiences for paid users, and tests that connect acquisition to retention"; "Flex spend with the organic calendar, including product launches, seasonal swings, and viral moments".Source

Big bets 3

Larger plays that can change the trajectory.

  • 15

    English for Hindi, Bengali, Tamil and Telugu speakers already counts more than 27 million learners, and the Hindi site is slow on real phones. Many potential learners hesitate to install a large app on a crowded phone.

    High impactHigh effort First result in 4 quarters General Manager

    First action

    Measure how many Indian visitors leave before the app loads.

    How to measure it

    New Indian learners from the light app

    Now
    –
    Target
    +1M
    By
    4 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Size the gap

      Drop-off before load.

      Senior Data Scientist, User Growth 2 weeks

    2. 2

      Design

      Ten lessons, light.

      Senior Learning Designer, Indian Languages 1 quarter

    3. 3

      Build

      Installable web app.

      Web engineering lead 2 quarters

    4. 4

      Test

      One language.

      General Manager, India 1 quarter

    5. 5

      Hand-off

      Into the full app.

      Senior Product Manager, Growth 1 month

    6. 6

      Scale

      Four languages.

      General Manager, India 2 quarters

    First result
    4 quarters
    Cost
    Engineering team
    Owner
    General Manager, India

    Smallest test

    Prototype five Hindi lessons as a light page.

    Why it works

    Build a light web app for the first ten lessons in Indian languages, installable to the home screen, that works on slow connections, then invites learners into the full app.

    A smaller first step reaches learners the app store does not, and the GM role exists to find that growth.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Two products to maintain

      Keep it to onboarding lessons only.

    Evidence

    • Course catalogDuolingo's public course list (checked October 21, 2026): 313 courses taught from 45 languages. The largest is English for Spanish speakers (54.1M learners); English for Hindi speakers has 19.2M, English for Bengali speakers 6.0M, English for Tamil speakers 1.4M and English for Telugu speakers 1.1M; Hindi for English speakers has 13.6M.Source
    • Google PageSpeedhi.duolingo.com (the Hindi site) on mobile: real Chrome visitors at the 75th percentile wait 5.7s for first content and 5.6s for the main content, and taps take 555 ms to respond; all three fail Google's limits (1.8s, 2.5s, 200 ms). In the lab: performance 29/100, main content after 16.2s, 4.5 MB downloaded.Source
    • HiringGeneral Manager, India (posted October 12, 2026, Bangalore): "India is one of Duolingo's most important growth markets. We've operated there for a while, but believe it has much more potential than we've realized so far." Success "will be measured on Duolingo's core metrics: user growth and monetization"; the GM leads an India-based cross-functional team and is "the voice of India".Source
    • HiringSenior Localization Program Manager (posted August 20, 2026): turn "complex, high-volume localization work into durable, low-touch systems that scale across our 30+ UI languages". A Senior Learning Designer, Indian Languages (August 17) is also open.Source
  • 16

    English is the most-learned language on Duolingo: 54.1M learners from Spanish, 32.4M from Chinese and 19.2M from Hindi. The Duolingo English Test is a separate product that many of those learners will need for study or work abroad.

    High impactHigh effort First result in 4 quarters Senior Product Manager

    First action

    Count learners who finished the advanced English units.

    How to measure it

    DET purchases from app learners

    Now
    –
    Target
    +25%
    By
    4 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Size

      Advanced learners.

      Senior Data Scientist, User Growth 2 weeks

    2. 2

      Readiness check

      In the app.

      Senior Product Manager, DET 1 quarter

    3. 3

      Practice test

      Free sample.

      Senior Product Manager, DET 1 quarter

    4. 4

      Offer

      Discount.

      Senior Product Manager, DET 1 month

    5. 5

      Test

      Three markets.

      Senior Data Scientist, User Growth 1 quarter

    6. 6

      Scale

      All English courses.

      Senior Product Manager, DET 2 quarters

    First result
    4 quarters
    Cost
    Product time
    Owner
    Senior Product Manager, DET

    Smallest test

    Show the check to 1% of advanced learners.

    Why it works

    Show a DET readiness check to learners near the end of the English course, with a practice test and a discount, and track take-up and score.

    It connects the largest free audience to a paid product they already have reason to buy.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Feels like an upsell

      Show it only when learners ask about exams or reach advanced levels.

    Evidence

    • Course catalogDuolingo's public course list (checked October 21, 2026): 313 courses taught from 45 languages. The largest is English for Spanish speakers (54.1M learners); English for Hindi speakers has 19.2M, English for Bengali speakers 6.0M, English for Tamil speakers 1.4M and English for Telugu speakers 1.1M; Hindi for English speakers has 13.6M.Source
    • Your websiteHomepage description: "Duolingo is the world's most popular way to learn a language. It's 100% free, fun and science-based." The site also offers chess (/chess), math (/math) and music (/music), plus Super, Max, Family and gift pages, Duolingo for Schools and the Duolingo English Test.Source
    • Shareholder letterQ2 2026 (SEC filing): DAUs 58.7M, up 23%; MAUs 140.6M; paid subscribers 12.7M, up 17%; revenue $298.5M, up 18%; advertising revenue $21.1M, up 2%; current user retention at an all-time high of 84%; the one-time Streak Revival in June brought back 15.4 million learners, "nearly 8 million" of whom had no active streak; influencer content supplied about two-thirds of social impressions in China, Indonesia and India; DAUs include users of "the learning section of the website".Source
  • 17

    schools.duolingo.com already exists, and English for Hindi speakers is one of the largest courses. Teachers bring whole classes at once.

    Medium impactHigh effort First result in 4 quarters General Manager

    First action

    Interview 20 English teachers.

    How to measure it

    Active school students in India

    Now
    –
    Target
    100,000
    By
    4 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Interview

      Teachers.

      General Manager, India 1 month

    2. 2

      Adapt tools

      Hindi classroom tools.

      Senior Learning Designer, Indian Languages 1 quarter

    3. 3

      Partner

      School groups.

      General Manager, India 1 quarter

    4. 4

      Train

      Teachers.

      General Manager, India 1 quarter

    5. 5

      Measure

      Retention.

      Senior Data Scientist, User Growth quarterly

    6. 6

      Decide

      Scale or stop.

      General Manager, India 1 month

    First result
    4 quarters
    Cost
    Pilot team
    Owner
    General Manager, India

    Smallest test

    Run a pilot in ten schools.

    Why it works

    Pilot with 200 schools in two states: free classroom tools, teacher training in Hindi and a progress report for parents. Measure student retention after the school year.

    One teacher can recruit 40 learners, and school habits continue at home.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Slow school adoption

      Start with private school chains.

    Evidence

    • Course catalogDuolingo's public course list (checked October 21, 2026): 313 courses taught from 45 languages. The largest is English for Spanish speakers (54.1M learners); English for Hindi speakers has 19.2M, English for Bengali speakers 6.0M, English for Tamil speakers 1.4M and English for Telugu speakers 1.1M; Hindi for English speakers has 13.6M.Source
    • HiringGeneral Manager, India (posted October 12, 2026, Bangalore): "India is one of Duolingo's most important growth markets. We've operated there for a while, but believe it has much more potential than we've realized so far." Success "will be measured on Duolingo's core metrics: user growth and monetization"; the GM leads an India-based cross-functional team and is "the voice of India".Source
    • Your websiteHomepage description: "Duolingo is the world's most popular way to learn a language. It's 100% free, fun and science-based." The site also offers chess (/chess), math (/math) and music (/music), plus Super, Max, Family and gift pages, Duolingo for Schools and the Duolingo English Test.Source

Wildcards 3

Unexpected experiments, each with a cheap way to test it.

  • 18

    The Senior Creative, Social is hired to take social thinking into "experiential, OOH, partnerships, events". India is the growth market the GM is hired for.

    Medium impactLow effort First result in 1 quarter Senior Creative

    First action

    Brainstorm ten ideas with the India team.

    How to measure it

    Organic impressions in India

    Now
    –
    Target
    +50%
    By
    2 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Ideas

      Ten.

      Senior Creative, Social 1 week

    2. 2

      Pick two

      With the GM.

      General Manager, India 1 week

    3. 3

      Partners

      Local venues.

      Senior Creative, Social 1 month

    4. 4

      Run

      Two stunts.

      Senior Creative, Social 1 quarter

    5. 5

      Creators

      Invite to film.

      Head of Influencers & Community 1 quarter

    6. 6

      Measure

      Reach and installs.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager monthly

    First result
    1 quarter
    Cost
    Event budget
    Owner
    Senior Creative, Social

    Smallest test

    Run one small stunt.

    Why it works

    Plan two low-cost stunts in Indian cities around local moments (cricket, exams, festivals), built to be filmed and shared by creators.

    Real-world moments create social content that ads cannot buy.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Cultural misstep

      Review with local team.

    Evidence

    • HiringBrand and social: a Senior Creative, Social (posted September 22, 2026) in the Brand Marketing Studio to take "speed-of-culture thinking beyond the feed and into the real world" across "social, experiential, OOH, partnerships, events"; a Head of Influencers & Community is also open.Source
    • HiringGeneral Manager, India (posted October 12, 2026, Bangalore): "India is one of Duolingo's most important growth markets. We've operated there for a while, but believe it has much more potential than we've realized so far." Success "will be measured on Duolingo's core metrics: user growth and monetization"; the GM leads an India-based cross-functional team and is "the voice of India".Source
    • Shareholder letterQ2 2026 (SEC filing): DAUs 58.7M, up 23%; MAUs 140.6M; paid subscribers 12.7M, up 17%; revenue $298.5M, up 18%; advertising revenue $21.1M, up 2%; current user retention at an all-time high of 84%; the one-time Streak Revival in June brought back 15.4 million learners, "nearly 8 million" of whom had no active streak; influencer content supplied about two-thirds of social impressions in China, Indonesia and India; DAUs include users of "the learning section of the website".Source
  • 19

    Course pages arrive as shells, so assistants that do not run JavaScript cannot read what Duolingo teaches. Rivals describe themselves sharply against "gamified apps" (Memrise) and promise "scientifically proven methods" (Babbel).

    Medium impactLow effort First result in 1 month Web engineering lead

    First action

    Draft llms.txt from the course list.

    How to measure it

    Answers that name Duolingo first

    Now
    –
    Target
    +10 points
    By
    2 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Draft file

      Products and courses.

      Web engineering lead 2 days

    2. 2

      Facts pages

      Per course.

      Content Designer 1 month

    3. 3

      Baseline

      20 prompts.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager 1 day

    4. 4

      Publish

      Root and language sites.

      Web engineering lead 1 day

    5. 5

      Re-check

      Monthly.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager monthly

    6. 6

      Update

      New courses.

      Web engineering lead ongoing

    First result
    1 month
    Cost
    $0
    Owner
    Web engineering lead

    Smallest test

    Publish a first llms.txt.

    Why it works

    Publish llms.txt with the product list, course catalog and learner numbers, plus plain-text course facts pages, and track how assistants answer "best free way to learn Spanish".

    Assistants increasingly recommend learning apps, and plain facts make Duolingo easy to cite correctly.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Numbers go stale

      Generate from the course list.

    Evidence

    • Your websiteThe HTML sent for www.duolingo.com/course/es/en/Learn-Spanish is 8.8 KB with the title "Duolingo" and no visible text; the Hindi site's English course page, /math, /super, /pricing and the homepage are the same: the page title and content are filled in by JavaScript. The chess glossary pages are the exception, with real titles in the HTML ("What Is a Bishop Fork in Chess?"). Real visitors to the Learn Spanish page see the main content at 3.7s (p75).Source
    • Competitor researchRivals' own homepages: Babbel, "the effective way to learn a new language" with "scientifically proven methods"; Busuu, "award-winning courses" with "native speakers in Busuu's community"; Memrise, "Unlike gamified apps with robotic voices, it's built around real native-speaker videos".Source
    • Course catalogDuolingo's public course list (checked October 21, 2026): 313 courses taught from 45 languages. The largest is English for Spanish speakers (54.1M learners); English for Hindi speakers has 19.2M, English for Bengali speakers 6.0M, English for Tamil speakers 1.4M and English for Telugu speakers 1.1M; Hindi for English speakers has 13.6M.Source
  • 20

    Duolingo's course list already shows learners per course, such as 54.1M learning English from Spanish and 13.6M learning Hindi from English. The annual language report gets press once a year; a live page could get links all year.

    Medium impactLow effort First result in 1 quarter Senior Marketing Analytics Ma…

    First action

    Pick five charts from the course list.

    How to measure it

    Referring domains

    Now
    –
    Target
    500
    By
    2 quarters

    Steps

    1. 1

      Pick charts

      Five.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager 1 week

    2. 2

      Build page

      Monthly update.

      Web engineering lead 2 weeks

    3. 3

      Share kit

      Images for creators.

      Senior Creative, Social 1 week

    4. 4

      Press

      Monthly story.

      Communications monthly

    5. 5

      Localize

      Top languages.

      Senior Localization Program Manager 1 month

    6. 6

      Measure

      Links and visits.

      Senior Marketing Analytics Manager monthly

    First result
    1 quarter
    Cost
    $0
    Owner
    Senior Marketing Analytics Manager

    Smallest test

    Publish one chart this month.

    Why it works

    Publish a live page with the most-learned languages by base language and region, updated monthly, with shareable charts for press and creators.

    Fresh data earns links and stories, and creators love rankings.

    Risks and how to handle them

    • Data misread

      Explain what a learner count means.

    Evidence

    • Course catalogDuolingo's public course list (checked October 21, 2026): 313 courses taught from 45 languages. The largest is English for Spanish speakers (54.1M learners); English for Hindi speakers has 19.2M, English for Bengali speakers 6.0M, English for Tamil speakers 1.4M and English for Telugu speakers 1.1M; Hindi for English speakers has 13.6M.Source
    • YouTubeThe Duolingo YouTube channel has about 7.0 million subscribers; Duolingo also runs TikTok and Instagram accounts that the shareholder letter credits with large organic reach.Source
    • HiringBrand and social: a Senior Creative, Social (posted September 22, 2026) in the Brand Marketing Studio to take "speed-of-culture thinking beyond the feed and into the real world" across "social, experiential, OOH, partnerships, events"; a Head of Influencers & Community is also open.Source
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See every playbook and website review

Independent research. Programmable wrote this playbook from public sources, as they stood on October 22, 2026, and cites them throughout. Duolingo did not commission, review or endorse it, and Programmable is not affiliated with Duolingo. Company and product names are trademarks of their owners, used only to identify them. The ideas are suggestions and opinion, not professional, legal or financial advice, and not statements about how Duolingo runs its business.

Something wrong, or do you represent Duolingo? Email [email protected] and we will correct it or take it down.

30/60/90 roadmap

What to focus on in each month, and the ideas that carry it.

  1. Days 1 to 306 ideas

    The fast Hindi front door, homepage script clean-up, course page titles, real 404s, hreflang, and the win-back email test.

  2. Days 31 to 609 ideas

    Market landing tests, the incrementality calendar, India creators, ad deals, social-to-paid creative, chess glossary, localized marketing and calendar-aware forecasts; llms.txt.

  3. Days 61 to 905 ideas

    Commit to the low-data India start, DET cross-sell and schools; experiential and live data page.

The research behind the plan

3 research areas, each summarised in a few lines. Open any of them for the full detail.

Customers

What customers say

Customers value free, bite-size lessons. The most cited problem: losing a streak.

  • Streaks and game mechanics
  • Hearts and energy limits on the free plan
  • In their words: “streak”

Market

Competitive landscape

3 competitors compared: Babbel, Busuu and Memrise.

  • Gap to exploit: Light, fast learning for low-end phones
  • Babbel: Paid from the start
  • Busuu: Smaller audience

Hiring signals

Duolingo's hiring is about where the next DAUs come from.

  • General Manager, India: India has "much more potential". Ideas 1, 15, 17.
  • Senior Director of Performance Marketing: Landing experiences and incrementality across 100+ markets. Ideas 1, 7, 8.
  • Senior Performance Marketing Manager: Eight-figure mobile acquisition. Ideas 2, 11.

From the team that wrote this playbook

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