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loc.gov website review

Visit site (opens in a new tab)Reviewed 11 October 202636 issues · 84 checks

This review found 36 issues worth fixing on loc.gov, 15 of them high impact, across 84 checks. The most urgent: use efficient cache lifetimes. Your full playbook turns these into prioritised fixes alongside reviews, competitors and channels.

  1. Homepage
  2. Phone render
  3. Links and pages
  4. Google PageSpeed

Google PageSpeed Insights (opens in a new tab), mobile

Real-visitor load time (LCP)75th percentile, phones
1.8 s1.6 sApr 18Oct 31.7 s
Show as table
DateReal-visitor load time (LCP)
Apr 18, 20261.8 s
Apr 25, 20261.8 s
May 2, 20261.7 s
May 9, 20261.7 s
May 16, 20261.7 s
May 23, 20261.7 s
May 30, 20261.7 s
Jun 6, 20261.7 s
Jun 13, 20261.7 s
Jun 20, 20261.8 s
Jun 27, 20261.8 s
Jul 4, 20261.7 s
Jul 11, 20261.7 s
Jul 18, 20261.7 s
Jul 25, 20261.7 s
Aug 1, 20261.7 s
Aug 8, 20261.8 s
Aug 15, 20261.8 s
Aug 22, 20261.8 s
Aug 29, 20261.8 s
Sep 5, 20261.7 s
Sep 12, 20261.7 s
Sep 19, 20261.7 s
Sep 26, 20261.7 s
Oct 3, 20261.7 s
Real-visitor tap response (INP)75th percentile, phones
198 ms118 msApr 18Oct 3149 ms
Show as table
DateReal-visitor tap response (INP)
Apr 18, 2026173 ms
Apr 25, 2026180 ms
May 2, 2026185 ms
May 9, 2026189 ms
May 16, 2026186 ms
May 23, 2026184 ms
May 30, 2026176 ms
Jun 6, 2026167 ms
Jun 13, 2026156 ms
Jun 20, 2026144 ms
Jun 27, 2026141 ms
Jul 4, 2026142 ms
Jul 11, 2026141 ms
Jul 18, 2026143 ms
Jul 25, 2026143 ms
Aug 1, 2026141 ms
Aug 8, 2026138 ms
Aug 15, 2026135 ms
Aug 22, 2026127 ms
Aug 29, 2026130 ms
Sep 5, 2026137 ms
Sep 12, 2026142 ms
Sep 19, 2026150 ms
Sep 26, 2026149 ms
Oct 3, 2026149 ms

Chrome UX Report (opens in a new tab): real Chrome visitors over rolling 28-day periods.

One score from every part of this review. How it works

Full-page screenshot of loc.gov (desktop) rendered by Google PageSpeed Insights

How it loaded on a phone

  1. loc.gov at 0.4 s0.4 s
  2. loc.gov at 0.8 s0.8 s
  3. loc.gov at 1.1 s1.1 s
  4. loc.gov at 1.5 s1.5 s
  5. loc.gov at 1.9 s1.9 s
  6. loc.gov at 2.3 s2.3 s
  7. loc.gov at 2.6 s2.6 s
  8. loc.gov at 3.0 s3.0 s

Speed

9 to fix54
  • Use efficient cache lifetimes

    23.8 s · 5.3 MB

    70 files are served with short cache lifetimes, so returning visitors download them again (5.3 MB).

  • Reduce unused JavaScript

    21.8 s · 3.3 MB

    About 3.3 MB of JavaScript is downloaded but never used on this page. Google estimates it would make the page about 21.8 s faster on a phone.

  • Render-blocking requests

    16.1 s

    4 files block the first paint until they finish downloading. Deferring or inlining them could save about 16.1 s.

  • Minify JavaScript

    9.4 s · 1.7 MB

    1.7 MB could be saved by minifying JavaScript.

  • Improve image delivery

    7.5 s · 3.0 MB

    23 images could be 3.0 MB smaller with modern formats (WebP or AVIF) and sizes that fit a phone screen. Google estimates it would make the page about 7.5 s faster on a phone.

  • Reduce unused CSS

    6.2 s · 1.2 MB

    About 1.2 MB of CSS is downloaded but never applied on this page. Google estimates it would make the page about 6.2 s faster on a phone.

  • Minify CSS

    1.4 s · 280 KiB

    280 KiB could be saved by minifying CSS.

  • Mobile performance score: 54

    54/100

    Your mobile performance score is 54 (desktop: 56). Pages that score under 90 lose visitors before the first paint.

  • Legacy JavaScript

    300 ms · 84 KiB

    Polyfills for old browsers add 84 KiB JavaScript that modern phones do not need. Google estimates it would make the page about 300 ms faster on a phone.

  • 3 long tasks on the main thread

    3 long tasks block the main thread while loading, the longest for 166 ms. During a long task the page ignores taps.

  • 1 third-party service on the page

    1 third-party service load with your homepage (Adobe Tag Manager), adding 102 KiB and 88 ms of main-thread time.

  • Document request latency

    51 KiB

    The HTML itself could arrive sooner: redirects, a slow server response or missing compression delay everything after it.

  • Font display

    50 ms

    Web fonts hide text while they load. Setting font-display: swap shows text immediately (about 50 ms).

  • Chained critical requests

    Critical files load one after another instead of in parallel (3 chains). Preconnecting to key origins and preloading the hero image shortens the chain.

  • Forced reflow

    Scripts make the browser recalculate the layout repeatedly while the page loads, which wastes processor time on phones.

2 checks passed
  • Main-thread work: 1.1 s

    A phone's processor spends 1.1 s on main-thread work while loading, 339 ms of it running JavaScript. That is comfortably low.

  • Server response: 6 ms

    6 ms

    Your server sent the HTML in 6 ms, well inside Google's 600 ms guideline.

Core Web Vitals

7 to fix67
  • Fails Core Web Vitals for real visitors

    Real Chrome users on phones do not pass Google's Core Web Vitals on this page (28-day field data from the Chrome UX Report (opens in a new tab)). Google uses this in ranking.

  • First Contentful Paint: 16.1 s

    16.1 s

    The first text or image appears after 16.1 s on a phone. Good is under 1.8 s.

  • Largest Contentful Paint: 68.7 s

    68.7 s

    Your largest element takes 68.7 s to render on a phone. Google's threshold for “good” is 2.5 s. The largest element is the image “Portrait of Martha C. Nussbaum.”.

  • Speed Index: 19.4 s

    19.4 s

    Visually, the page fills in at 19.4 s (Speed Index). Good is under 3.4 s.

  • Time to Interactive: 69.6 s

    69.6 s

    The page becomes fully interactive after 69.6 s. Good is under 3.8 s.

  • Real-user LCP: 3.1 s

    3.1 s

    Real visitors wait 3.1 s for the largest content to appear (75th percentile). Good is under 2.5 s.

  • 12 images without width and height

    12 images have no width and height attributes, so the layout jumps as each one loads.

  • Largest content (LCP) held steady for real visitors

    -3%

    Over the last 25 four-week periods to 2026-10-03, real Chrome visitors' largest content (lcp) went from 1.8 s to 1.7 s at the 75th percentile (Chrome UX Report (opens in a new tab) history).

7 checks passed
  • Real-user INP: 119 ms

    119 ms

    Real visitors wait 119 ms for the page to respond to a tap (75th percentile). Good is under 200 ms.

  • Real-user CLS: 0.07

    0.07

    For real visitors the layout shifts by 0.07 (75th percentile). Good is under 0.1.

  • Real-user FCP: 1.5 s

    1.5 s

    Real visitors see the first content after 1.5 s (75th percentile). Good is under 1.8 s.

  • Real-user TTFB: 326 ms

    326 ms

    Real visitors wait 326 ms for your server to start answering (75th percentile). Good is under 800 ms.

  • Tap response (INP) got 16% faster for real visitors

    -16%

    Over the last 25 four-week periods to 2026-10-03, real Chrome visitors' tap response (inp) went from 173 ms to 149 ms at the 75th percentile (Chrome UX Report (opens in a new tab) history).

  • Cumulative Layout Shift: 0.046

    0.046

    The layout barely moves while loading (CLS 0.046, good is under 0.1).

  • Total Blocking Time: 82 ms

    82 ms

    Scripts block the page for only 82 ms while loading. Good is under 200 ms.

Images and page weight

5 to fix28
  • Page weight: 14.5 MB in 87 requests

    14.5 MB

    Your homepage downloads 14.5 MB in 87 requests on a phone: images 7.2 MB (62), scripts 4.6 MB (7) and stylesheets 1.3 MB (2). Under 2 MB keeps phones on slow connections fast.

  • 3 images over 500 KB

    3 images weigh 3.3 MB together. On a phone connection a single image that size takes seconds.

  • 25 images in older formats

    25 images (6.0 MB) are JPEG, PNG or GIF. The same pictures as WebP or AVIF are usually much smaller at the same quality, and every current browser shows them.

  • 12 images below the first screen load straight away

    12 images further down the page (561 KiB) download before anyone scrolls to them. Adding loading="lazy" lets the first screen load first.

  • 11 images far larger than shown

    234 KiB

    11 images are downloaded at several times the size a phone draws them, for example A2501200x560.jpeg at 1,200 px wide, shown at 390 px. Resized copies would save about 234 KiB.

  • About 4.1 g of CO₂ per visit

    4.11 g

    By the Sustainable Web Design model, a visit to your homepage emits about 4.11 g of CO₂e: 493.5 kg a year at 10,000 visits a month. It scales with page weight, so every byte cut lowers it.

Accessibility

3 to fixGoogle 10097
  • All page content should be contained by landmarks (1 element)

    All page content should be contained by landmarks: 1 element on the page fails this check, rated moderate by axe-core.

  • ARIA role should be appropriate for the element (4 elements)

    ARIA role should be appropriate for the element: 4 elements on the page fail this check, rated minor by axe-core.

  • Elements marked as presentational should be consistently ignored (1 element)

    Elements marked as presentational should be consistently ignored: 1 element on the page fails this check, rated minor by axe-core.

2 checks passed
  • Every image has alt text

    All 60 images in the HTML carry an alt attribute.

  • 48 automated accessibility rules passed

    axe-core 4.13.0, the open-source engine behind most accessibility testing tools, ran 51 WCAG 2.2 A/AA and best-practice rules on the phone render: 48 passed and 3 failed. 3 mores need a person to judge. Automated rules catch about a third of accessibility problems; the rest need manual testing.

SEO

4 to fixGoogle 10083
  • Title is short (26 characters)

    Your title is only 26 characters: “Home | Library of Congress”. Between 30 and 65 characters leaves room to say what you do and for whom.

  • No structured data

    No structured data (JSON-LD), so Google can't show rich results such as your logo, ratings or FAQs.

  • No canonical URL

    No canonical URL, so duplicate versions of the homepage (with or without www, with tracking parameters) can split ranking signals.

  • No favicon declared

    No favicon is declared in the HTML, so browser tabs and Google's mobile results may show a generic icon.

  • No X (Twitter) card tag

    No twitter:card tag. X falls back to Open Graph, which is set, so this is minor.

  • 75 internal links, 27 external

    The homepage links to 75 pages on loc.gov and 27 external pages.

5 checks passed
  • Meta description: 157 characters

    Your meta description is 157 characters: “The world's largest library. View historic photos, maps, books and more. Contact experts for help with research. Plan a…”.

  • One H1 headline

    Your main headline reads: “The Library of Congress Homepage”.

  • Open Graph tags complete

    Open Graph tags are complete, so shared links show a title, description and image.

  • robots.txt in place

    robots.txt is in place and points crawlers to your sitemap.

  • XML sitemap found

    Your XML sitemap is reachable at https://www.loc.gov/sitemap.xml.

AI search readiness

1 to fix88
  • No Organization structured data

    There is no Organization (or LocalBusiness) JSON-LD, so search engines and AI assistants have no machine-readable facts about who runs the site: its name, logo, profiles and contact details.

  • No llms.txt

    There is no /llms.txt, a short Markdown guide to your key pages for AI tools (llmstxt.org). It is optional and few AI tools read it yet, so treat it as a cheap extra.

2 checks passed
  • AI answer engines may read the site

    Your robots.txt lets the crawlers behind ChatGPT search, Claude and Perplexity read the site and cite it in answers.

  • Text is in the HTML

    Your server sends the page's text in the HTML (1,089 words), so crawlers that don't run JavaScript still read it.

Other pages

100
  • 15 internal pages checked

    We fetched 15 pages linked from your homepage (of 57 found) and read each the way a search engine does.

7 checks passed
  • Linked pages load

    7 pages of 15 loaded without an error (the rest turned automated requests away).

  • Canonical URLs point to themselves

    No page we checked hands its ranking to a different URL.

  • Every page has a meta description

    All 7 pages that loaded have a meta description.

  • Titles are unique

    Every page we checked has its own title.

  • Every page has an H1

    Each page we checked has a main headline.

  • No linked page is hidden from search

    None of the pages we checked carries a noindex tag.

  • Every page has a title

    All 7 pages that loaded have a <title>.

Best practices

3 to fixGoogle 7385
  • 12 small tap targets

    12 of 49 tappable elements near the top of the page are smaller than 24 px, hard to hit with a thumb.

  • 2 third-party cookies

    2 third-party cookies are set on load; browsers are restricting these, so whatever relies on them breaks.

  • 2 JavaScript errors while loading

    2 errors were logged to the browser console while the page loaded, for example “Failed to load resource: net::ERR_FAILED”.

  • Browser-reported issues

    Chrome logged issues while loading the page (“Cookie”).

  • Missing source maps

    Large scripts ship without source maps.

1 checks passed
  • Mobile viewport set

    The page declares a mobile viewport.

Content and conversion

4 to fix58
  • No call to action on the first screen

    On a phone, there is no call to action on the first screen: visitors have to scroll to find out what to do next.

  • Thin social proof

    Social proof on the homepage: 2 customer or partner logos. Pairing it with named testimonials or customer logos makes it far more convincing.

  • No analytics detected

    No analytics or tag manager detected in the HTML, so you can't measure whether any of these fixes work.

  • No direct contact details

    No phone number or email link on the homepage, so ready-to-buy visitors have one fewer way to reach you.

  • No risk reducer

    No guarantee or risk reducer (money-back, free trial, no credit card) is mentioned, which is often what tips a hesitant visitor.

  • About 678 words of copy

    The homepage carries about 678 words of visible text.

2 checks passed
  • 3 calls to action

    The homepage has 3 calls to action, for example “Contact” and “Shop”.

  • 1 short form

    A short form (2 fields at most) is right on the homepage.

Privacy and tracking

  • 11 cookies set on arrival

    11

    Opening the homepage sets 11 cookies (measured from a US location before any click).

  • No consent tool detected

    No known cookie consent tool loads with the page. Some sites build their own banner, and some only show one to visitors from the EU.

  • 4 other companies contacted

    Loading the homepage contacts 4 hosts run by other companies (fonts, scripts, analytics, ads), each of which sees the visitor's IP address.

1 checks passed
  • No known trackers before consent

    No known advertising or analytics trackers load before a visitor clicks anything (measured from a US location before any click).

Security, domain, email and software versions

The security, domain and email checks, software and plugin versions, and any app with a known security problem are visible only to people at loc.gov, because details like these could help someone attack a site. Every review keeps them private, whatever they found.

Upkeep, stack and company

Stack

Framework
jQuery

Company

Employees
3,242
Founded
1800
Headquarters
Washington, D.C.

Upkeep, stack, hiring and company data from programmable.info

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